Features of integrated circuits

Integrated circuits or microcircuits, microchips, chips in electronics is a way to miniaturize circuits (mainly including semiconductor devices, but also passive components, etc.), and are usually manufactured on the surface of semiconductor wafers.

The above-mentioned integrated circuits that manufacture circuits on the surface of semiconductor chips are also called thin-film integrated circuits. There is also a thick-film hybrid integrated circuit, which is a miniaturized circuit composed of independent semiconductor devices and passive components integrated into a substrate or circuit board.

This article is about monolithic integrated circuits, that is, thin-film integrated circuits.
Integrated circuits have the advantages of small size, light weight, few lead wires and solder points, long life, high reliability, good performance, etc., and at the same time low cost and convenient for large-scale production. It is not only widely used in industrial and civilian electronic equipment such as recorders, televisions, computers, etc., but also in military, communications, remote control and other aspects. Using integrated circuits to assemble electronic devices, its assembly density can be increased by tens to thousands of times than transistors, and the stable working time of the equipment can also be greatly improved.